Motor-driven curtain-shutter and release mechanism for photographic cameras



Sept. 10, 1946. s. HINELINE 2,407,277

' MOTOR-DRIVEN CURTAIN-SHUTTER AND RELEASE MECHANISM FOR PHOTOGRAPHICCAMERAS Original Filed Oct. 19, 1943 10 Sheets-Sheet 1 F e aa seeINVENTOR. l'dsonflfiz'nczz'ne Sept. 10, 1946. s, HlNELlNE 2,407,277

, MOTOR-DRIVEN CURTAIN SHUTTERhAND RELEASE MECHANISM FOR PHOTOGRAPHICCAMERAS Original Filed Oct. 19, 1943 l0 Sheets-Sheet 2 Emmm mum Lmwa 1 0CH. 0O 6 5mm w g m 1 SWWF w q I. w Q I FM IM B NMn, L WI Mun a mm J27 m13 d m a a w. m: 2 n w Sept 10, 1946,

M M g I Sept 10, 1946. E s HlNELlNE 2,407,277

MOTOR-DRIVEN CURTAIN-SHUTTER AND RELEASE MECHANISM FOR PHOTOGRAPHICCAMERAS Original Filed Oct. 19, 1943 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 N. 0 nu Sept. 10,1946. E. 's. HINELINE -DRIVEN CURT MOTOR v AIN-SHUTTER AND RELEASEMECHANISM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS Original Filed Oct. 19, 1945 10Sheets-Sheet 5 E. S. HINELI'NE Sept. 10, 1946.

Sept. 10, 1946.

E. S. HINELINE MOTOR-DRIVEN CURTAIN-SHUTTER AND RELEASE MECHANISM FORPHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS Original Filed Oct. 19, 1943 1O Sheets-Sheet '7INVENTOR. Zbonfifi'neline Ma"; Aiprngys' p 9 6 E S..HlNEL INE 2,407,277

MOTOR-DRIVEN URTAIN-SHUTTER AND RELEASE MECHANISM FOR PHOTOGRAPHICCAMERAS Original Filec? Oct. 19, 1943 1Q Sheets-Sheet 9 Edsonfi'.Hake-Zzhe E. S. HINELINE MOTOR-DRIVEN CURTAIN-SHUTTER AND RELEASEMECHANISM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS Original Filed Oct. 19, 1943 Sept.10, 1946.

Patented Sept. 10, 1946 MOTOR-DRIVEN CURTAIN-SHUTTER AND RELEASEMECHANISM FOR GRAPHIC CAMERAS Edson S. Hineline, Rochester, N. Y.,assignor to Graflex, Inc., Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of DelawarePHOTO- (Priginal application October 19, 1943, Serial No.

Divided and this application March 24, 1944., Serial No. 527,918

This application is a division of my co-pen'ding application Ser. No.506,843, filed October 19, 1943, for Electric-motor-driven combinedcamera, focal-plane shutter and film-feed, this divisional applicationbeing particularly directed to the mtor-driven curtain-shutter andrelease mechanism disclosed in said parent application.

This invention relates to photographic cameras, particularly of theautomatic aerial type, but adapted for various uses.

In order that the principle of the invention may be readily understood,I have disclosed a single embodiment thereof in the accompanyingdrawings, Wherein Fig. l is a front elevation of the camera having thecone partly broken away to show clearly the mounting of the lens barrel;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view correspending to a part of Fig.l, and also showing the shutter setting knob provided when the camera isequipped with a shutter having a number of different exposure aperturesettings;

Fig. 3 is a wiring diagram of the camera, showa battery as a currentsupply source and a switch for closing the circuit to operate thecamera;

Fig. L is a top plan view of the camera with part of the housing inhorizontal section so as to show the position of the pressure pad, theidler roll, the film measuring roll, the film spool support and thedrive mechanism;

Fig. 5 is a partial vertical section through the camera,- taken at theright of the curtain rewind rolls as viewed in Fig. 4 and showing thecurtain rewind mechanism and the shutter release solenoid;

Fig. 6 is a detail showing in side elevation the second curtain rewindgear and the second curtain pinion;

Fig. 7 is a vertical section through Fig. 6 on the line 'i-'? thereof,showing the curtain latch stud and the second curtain driving stud;

Fig. 8 is a detail in side elevation, showing the first curtain rewindgear and the first curtain pinion.

Fig. 9 is a vertical section through Fig. 8 on the line 9-1 thereof,showing the shutter rewind stud and, the second curtain driving stud;

Fig. 1G is a front elevation of the camera with the lens cone and themechanism housing cover removed to show the cycling mechanism, the filmfeed clutch, the exposure counter, the shutter rewind mechanism, theswitches for controlling the cycling mechanism and shutter release, andthe receptacles for power supply and remote con- 21 Claims.

trol, the entire mechanism being shown in its condition when the shutterhas been rewound and a new area of film has been fed into position overthe exposure opening and the camera is ready for making an exposure;

Fig. 11 is a front elevation similar to Fig. 10 but with a differentposition of the parts, the circuit having been closed to the shutterrelease solenoid, the shutter curtain having run all the wa down, thuscompleting a circuit to the motor, and the motor having started tooperate, thus lifting the pressure pad and releasing the film measuringmechanism, the film being wound to the next exposure position and theshutter being rewound for the next exposure;

Fig. 12 is a partial horizontal section on an enlarged scale throughFig. 10 on the line I 2-42 thereof, showing the motor gear drive and itsassociation with the cycling mechanism or interrupted gears, the idlergear constituting the counter gear and the counter dial;

Fig. 13 is a detail in horizontal section through the film measuringclutch;

Fig. 14 is a detail in side elevation of the interrupted gears; I

Fig. 15 is a horizontal section through Fig, 10 on the line l5l5thereof, showing the shutter rewind mechanism;

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary left-hand end view of the camera viewing Fig.10, with parts broken away more clearly to show the construction;

Fig. 17 is a horizontal section through the shutter rewind mechanism,showing the shutter rewind driving pawl, the shutter being completelyrewound and the driving pawl disengaged from the shutter rewind stud;

Fig. 18 is a side elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 17, certain partsbeing represented in broken lines to show more clearly the constructionof the shutter rewind driving mechanism, represented as in condition forrewinding the shutter, the driving pawl not yet having been released;

Fig. 19 is a view similar to Fig. 18, but representing the driving pawlas released from the driving stud of the first curtain gear;

Fig. 20 is a detail of the shutter rewind mechanism, the shutter beingrewound but the rewind pawl not yet released;

Fig. 21 is a view similar to Fig. 20, the rewind pawl having beenreleased and the second curtain release stud engaged by the shutterrelease member;

Fig. 221s a view similar to Fig. 21, the shutter having been releasedand run all the Way down;

Fig. 23 is a detail of the shutter winding mechanism with certain of theparts removed to show the construction of the rewind pawl, the rewindstud being shown in section, and the rewind pawl being about to beengaged by the pawl release cam;

Fig. 24 is a view similar to Fig. 23, the rewind pawl having been actedupon by the release cam;

Fig. 25 is a section through the curtain rollers, the curtains and theexposure plate lengthwise the latter, the curtains being shown in therundown and capped condition;

Fig. 26 is a view similar to Fig. 25, the curtains having been rewoundand the exposure slot or aperture thereof not yet established;

Fig. 27 is a view similar to Fig. 25, showing the curtain exposure slotor aperture established and the curtains in condition for making anexposure;

Fig. 23 is a broken-away detail in top plan view of the curtains when inthe condition shown in Fig. 25;

Fig. 29 is a similar top plan view of the curtains in the conditionshown in Fig. 27;

Fig. 30 is a longitudinal section through the curtains showing theexposure slot or aperture,

the curtains having just started to run down or across the exposureopening; and

Fig. 31 is a section similar to Fig. 30, the curtains having run downand the exposure slot or aperture being represented as having a greaterdimension than the exposure slot or aperture shown in Fig. 30;

This invention relates to a new photographic camera that is adapted tomany uses, among them the photographing of flight instruments in 'anairplane in flight, or instruments used in running various tests, suchas manometers, and for almost any purpose requiring a self-containedcamera that makes an exposure upon the closing of an electric circuitand then automaticaily restores itself for a second exposure. The camerais also especially adapted for use an aerial camera particularly whenused for certain classes of work such as photographing the smoke givenoff by a bomb when it explodes upon hitting the ground.

The camera can also be used for regular aerial photographic work. It isperfectly adapted for uses involving setting up a camera in a permanentinstallation so as to make photographs at predetermined intervals, theelectrical circuit being closed by means of a time clock or any othersuitable device. Since the camera .is so constructed that lenses ofalmost any focal length can be used, the camera need not be close to theobject being photographed. Another use for which this camera isperfectly adapted is for photographing games, such as baseball games,wherein several of such cameras will be mounted and directed at certainspots, such as the various bases, the pitchers box, or any other desiredarea, so that one operator can control any one of the cameras at thepro-per instant by pushing a but ton and closing an electrical circuit.Such uses will serve to point out the versatility of this camera.

Among the numerous objects of this invention are: to provide a camera ofcomparatively simple, sturdy construction, thus making it possible tomanufacture it in large quantities at a very low cost and one that isfoolproof in operationj means that is controlled by the operation of thetype and having means for controlling the width of the opening of suchexposure aperture during the time the curtains travel in apicture-making direction; and to provide a camera having a simplecurtain rewind mechanism that can be easily serviced in the field.

This invention is more particularly directed to the shutter mechanism,and to the automatic cycling means driven by an electric motor andcontrolled by the operation of the shutter itself, so that after eachoperation of the shutter the camera is automatically reset. Beforeproceed-- ing to describe these and other important features, I willdescribe in detail the general structure of the camera body and for thatpurpose will refer first to Figs. 1, 2, and 4, wherein is shown thepreferred form of structure for this purpose.

The camera body, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 5, is made up mainly oftwo parallel spaced plates, one of which is termed the mechanism plateand is indicated in section in Fig. 4 and elsewhere at 20. Paralleltherewith and spaced therefrom by nearly the Width of the camera is theother or so-called outer plate 2|, and support-- ed between said plates20 and 2|, normal thereto, is a central channel member 22, shown in planin Fig. 4. The said member 22 is attached to mechanism plate 20 byrivets 23, and to the outer plate 2| by screws 24.

iii)

Positioned between said plates Ml, iii are partitions 25 and 26, bothbeing indicated in dot-- ted lines in Fig. 4. Both partitions 25, 26 areof channel form, and are attached to the mech anism plate 20 by rivetspassing through upturned edges and to the outer plate 2| by screws 28passing through said upturned edges. Also positioned between themechanism plate 20 and the outer plate 2| is a cone support casting ofany suitable shape (indicated in dotted lines at 29 in Figs. 10 and 11and in solid lines in Fig. 5), which is attached to the mechanism plate20 by screws, and to the outer plate 2| by screws or in other suitablemanner not herein indicated.

Attached to the mechanism plate 20 is a mechanism housing cover 3| byscrews 32, 32, as shown in Fig. 1, and the lens cone (indicatedgenerally at 33) is attached to the cone support casting 29 by screws34, 34.. The said lens cone 33 is provided with a bushing 35 into whichis threaded the lens barrel 36 of any suitable type and structure.

Enclosing the entire camera is a cover of general rectangular shape madeup of two parts 31, 38, completely enclosing the camera parts betweenthe plates 20, 2| (best indicated in Fig. 4). The mechanism plate 20 isprovided with a groove 39 into which the cover member 31 is fitted andthe lens cone casting 29 is provided with a similar groove 4|] indicatedin dotted lines in Figs. 10 and 11 and in solid lines in Fig. 5. Thestructure is thus completely light-tight. The said cover consisting ofthe two cover members 31, 38 is provided with a clamp nut 4| (best shownin Fig. 4) threaded onto a stud 42 attached to the outer plate 2|, thusproviding means for securely holding the camera cover in the camerabody.

In Fig. 4 is represented a film idler roll 43 provided with a shaft 44free to turn in a bushing 45 mounted in the outer plate 2| and in abushing 46 mounted on the mechanism plate 26. Also mounted between themechanism plate 25 and the outer plate 2| is a measuring r011 41 havinga shaft 48, one nd whereof passes through a bushing 49 in said outerplate 2|. The opposite end of the shaft 48 passes through a bushing 50and the mechanism plate 20. To the outer right-hand or lower end of theshaft 48 (viewing Fig. 4) is attached a measuring cam 51, more fullydescribed subsequently. Fitted over the measuring roll 41 (as shown inFig. 4) is a rubber cylinder or sleeve 52 so as to provide sufficientfriction between said measuring roll and the sensitized film material,accurately to measure off the proper amount of film as it p e around themeasuring r011 41.

Attached to the central channel member 22, as best shown in Fig. 4, isan aperture plate 53 by means of screws 54, 54 passing through bushings55, 55 and threaded into the central channel member 22. Said bushings55, 55 serve to guide the film through the camera and also properly toposition the pressure plate or pad 56.

As best shown in Figs. 4 and 10, to the mechanism plate is attached afilm support stud 5?, and to the outer plate 2| is attached a secendfilm support stud 58, not mounted directly on the outer plate 2! butcarried bya spring member 59 carried by said plate 2!. Also attached tothe outer plate 2! is a second film spool support stud 60 by means of aspring 55. The springs 59 and Bi are most clearly shown in Fig. 4. Theyare riveted to the outer plate in any suitable manner.

As shown in Fig. 4, to the mechanism plate 2?) is attached a bushing 62held to said mecha nism plate 29 by nut 63 and washer 64. Passingthrough the bushing 62 is a shaft 65 having the usual film spool drivingdog 56. To the opposite end of the shaft 65, as shown in Fig. 10, is afilm feed gear 61 provided with a hub 63 and a lock screw 69. The saidfilm feed gear and its function will be more fully referred to subsequently.

Referring to Fig. i, the pressure plate or pad 55 is provided with ahinge member TE! attached thereto by rivets H, H. Passing through themechanism plate 2d and the outer plate is a shaft '12, and mounted threon is a hub 53, shown in Fig. 4 as locked to the shaft '52 by a lockscrew 7d. Attached to the shaft l2, as to the hub l3 thereof, in anywell known manner, is an arm 55 provided with a pin 75 engaging a holein the hinge member it. On the opposite end of the shaft 72 adjacent tothe mechanism plate 25 is a second hub ll having a lock screw Hi. Thehub T! is also provided with an arm Hi and a pin 85, the latter engaginga second hole in th hinge member ll Fitted to the right-hand end of theshaft 72, viewing Fig. 4, is a hub 84 having attached thereto a bellcrank 82 with lateral extension 82a at its lower shown most clearly inFig. 10. Free to turn on the shaft 72 is a washer separatin: thepressure pad operat' -g arm 54 that is riveted to E -2. As in. ated inFig. 10, said pressure operating arm er. is provided with an L -shapedend 55 prov d with a hole into which is hooked the spring 5?, theopposite end whereof is anchored to the spring support rod 83, as shownmost clearly in Figs. 10 and 11. Inasmuch as th pressure pad operatingarm 84 is securely attached to the shaft 12, when the pressure padoperating arm 85 is turned in a at one contraclockwise direction,viewing Figs. 10 and 11, the pressure plate or pad 55 will be caused tobe lifted from the sensitized material 5c, and when released the shaft12 will be caused to turn in a clockwise direction, thus applyingpressure to th sensitized material 89 through the tension of spring 51.lhe said bell crank 52 is provided with a second arm 95 that engages thL- or turned-over end of the pressure pad operating arm 54-. Thus anymovement of the bell crank 52 in a contraclcclzwise direction will causethe shaft '32 also to be turned a contraclockwise direction.

The structure thus far referred to is that pertaining to or constitutingthe general structure of the camera, excepting that structure relatingto the pressure piate or pad mechanism. My invention is not limited to acamera of the specific structure thus far described, which has been setforth r erely as on embodiment of means for supporting those portions ofthe photographic mechanism to which my invention more particularlyapplies.

The mechanismi will next describe the shutter mechanism, which is motordriven by an electric motor within the camera body, and which shutter ispreferably of the two-curtain focal-plane shutter type providing, ifdesired, a variable aperture, and which shutter is self-capping whilebeing wound. 11 cooperation with the shut there is provided automaticcycling means controlled by the operation of the shutter itself. so thatafter each operation the'camera is ready for the next operation.

wil sc ioe without limiting myself thereto the specific constructionprovided for this purpose, and in so doing I will rei'er particularly toThe camera is provided with a first curtain take-up roller 95, shown insolid lines in Fig, 5

in lines in a, and with a secondcurtain tal e-up roller 52 shown in saidfigures. Each of said curtains is provided with the usual tensionroller, the first curtain tension roller being indicated at 9 3, indotted lines in Fig. 4, the second curtain tension roller 94 in Figs. tand 16:. They also shown the subsequently referred to views Figs. 2-5 to28.

In Fig. 5, indicating certain of the parts in vertical section andshowing many of the parts rat are fitted to the mechanism plate 22.,there is shown therein a bushing through which passes the shaft of thesecond curtain take-up roller 92, to which shaft is attached in anysuitable manner a pinion l'i meshing with the second curtain rewind gear58. Also fitted to the said mechanism plate 25 is another bushing 99through whic passes the shaft Hill of the said first curtain take-uproller 5i, and to the lefthand end of said shaft Hill is attached thfirst curtain pinion iiii meshing with the curtain rewind gear [52,which with the second curtain rewind gear 58 are carried on a stud shaftor stud [53, best indicated in 5, 15 and 17. The said shaft or stud 553is provic. .d with a separating collar 1M and has a reduced diameter MMand a threaded end portion M5. The said shaft or stud passes through thesaid mechanism plate is and is securely held thereto nut 55 and lockwasher N37.

The second curtain rewind gear 58 and the first curtain rewind gear 552,as most clearly shown in Figs. 5, l5 and 17, are mounted on said shaftI53. The said first curtain rewind gear I02 is provided with a hub I53,a b shing I98, a second curtain drive stud H and a first curtain drivestud III. The said second curtain drive stud IIO is shown in Fig. 9 asriveted to the said first curtain rewind gear I02. The said firstcurtain drive stud I I I has a neck portion I I2 passing through thefirst curtain rewind gear I02 and through a collar I13, and is rivetedas shown in said Fig. 9. The said collar II3 forms driving means fordriving the said second curtain rewind gear 98, which is also providedwith a hub H4 and a bushing II4a. As shown most clearly in Fig. '7, asecond curtain rewind gear driving stud I I5 is attached to the secondcurtain rewind gear 98 by riveting or otherwise, and in the same mannershutter release stud I I6 is also attached. Also fitted to the saidshaft I03 is a main shutter gear II1 having a bushing [Na and attachedto said latter gear is a driving plate II8, shown upon a larger scale inFigs. 17, 18 and 19, and to which is attached, as shown in Fig. 15, theshutter rewind clutch member II9 by means of rivets I20. The said secondcurtain rewind gear 83, the first curtain rewind gear I02 and the mainshutter rewind gear II1 are, as stated, all carried on the shaft I03,being held thereto by a large head screw I22.

I will now describe in detail the electric motordrive for the shutter,and will refer to Figs. 10, 11 and 12, and more particularly to Fig. 16.

I preferably provide an electric motor of a conventional type procurableon the open market, but having a speed reducing transmission builtthereon. Such a motor is diagrammatically indicated at I23 as attachedto the inner face of the mechanism plat by screws I24, I24. As shown inFig. 16, a pinion I25 is attached directly to the motor armature shaftand meshes with an intermediate gear I26 carried on a shaft I21, runningin bushings I28 in one wall of the gear housing, and in a bushing I29 inthe gear cover plate I30, which is itself attached to the motor housingby shoulder screws I30a, I30a. Also mounted on the said shaft I21 is apinion I3I meshing with a second intermediate gear I32 carried on ashaft I33 which runs in a bushing I34 fitted to one wall of the gearhousing and in a second bushing I35 fitted to the gear housing coverplate I30. Also mounted on the shaft I33 is a pinion I36 that mesheswith a driv gear I31 attached to the main drive shaft I38, being fittedinto a bushing I39 and passing through the mechanism plate 20 andsecurely attached to the gear housing cover plate I30.

Still referring particularly to Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 16, the shaft I38is provided with a reduced diameter I46, to which is fitted a hub I4Ikeyed thereto by pin I42. Attached to the hub MI is a film feed drivegear I43 and an interrupted gear I44, also shown in Fig. 1 1. The saidgears I43 and I44 are attached to the hub member MI by through rivetsI45, I45, and fitted to said hub MI is a cam plate I46, while fittedover the reduced diameter I of the shaft I38 is a crank member I41provided with a pin I48. The crank member I41, cam plate I 46 and hubmember I4I are all securely attached to the shaft I 38 by a large headscrew I49, said hub member I4I being keyed to the shaft I38, so that itsposition with respect to that shaft is fixed.

As shown most particularly in Figs. 10, 11, 12, the cam plate I46 andthe crank member I41 can be adjusted circumferentially with respect tothe shaft I38 by loosening the screw I48, and when the proper positionis found, they are securely clamped in place by said screw I49. The said.fit in an idler gear I61.

8 film feed drive gear I43 meshes with the film feed clutch gear I50(Fig. 13), and the interrupted gear I44 co-acts with a secondinterrupted gear I5I, best shown in Fig. 14, so as to provide aninterrupted motion to the shutter rewind mechanism.

Still referring to Fig. 12, fitted to the mechanism plate 20 andsecurely anchored thereto, is a stud I52 having an enlarged diameter orshoulder I53, a reduced diameter I54, a washer I55 and a large headscrew I56. The said interrupted gear I5I is fitted to the reduceddiameter I54 of said stud I52, and is free to rotate thereon. Attachedto the interrupted gear I5I is a drive gear I51 by means of rivets I58,and said drive gear I51 is caused to be rotated intermittently throughthe gears I5I and I44, the said gear I44 being driven by the saidelectric motor I23.

Referring particularly to Figs. 10, 11 and 12, to the mechanism plate 20is fitted a stud I59 having a reduced diameter I60 passing through saidmechanism plate 20 and locked thereto by Washer I6I and nut I62 threadedto the threaded pro jection I59a of the said stud I59, which is providedwith an enlarged diameter forming a collar I63. The said stud I59extends outward sufficiently far to provide a bearing for a dial forcounting the number of exposures upon the film, which dial will bedescribed in detail subsequently.

In Fig. 12 is represented at I64 an extension of the stud I59. Fittedover said stud I 59 at its inner end is a wash r I65, and free to rotateon said stud IE6 is a bushing I66 which has a press Upon the extensionI64 of the stud I58 is fitted a knob I 68, shown in Figs. 10, l1 and 12,to which is attached a counter dial I69 of saucer-like formation, and aratchet wheel I10, both securely held to the knob I68, as best shown inFig. 12. The knob I68 is provided with a shoulder HI and is held on theextension I64 of the stud I59 by means of the mechanism cover 3 I,which, as shown, has a suitable hol through which passes the reduceddiameter of said knob I68. Fitted upon the said knob I68, as best shownin Fig. 12, is a coiled spring I12 having an outwardly extending end I13engaged by a turnedin slotted portion I14 of the said cover 3|. The saidcounter-dial I 68 is provided with a series of numbers I15, shown inFigs. 10 and 11, corresponding to the number of exposures that has beenmade. The coil spring I12 acts as a oneway clutch on the saidcounter-dial knob I68. The purpose of this construction will be morefully set forth in the description of the operation of the camera.

Still referring to Figs. 10, 11 and 12, and also and particularly toFig. 15, there is fitted to the mechanism plate 20 a stud I 16 having ahead I11, a reduced diameter portion I18 and a threaded end I18, thesaid stud being fitted to the said mechanism plate 20 by such reduceddiameter portion I18 which is itself fitted into a suitable holeprovided therefor and is securely locked by a Washer I86 and a nut I8I.Fitted to the stud I13 between the head I11 and the washer I82 is ,abushing I 83 which is free to turn on the stud anism plate 2% andriveted thereto. Fitted over the stud its is a bushing I88 over whichitself is fitted a clutch drive gear its provided with a hub Ifiil, towhich hub is fitted a spacing plate ISI and an overrunning interclutchmember I92, the said clutch member I82, the spacing plate I9! and thefilm clutch gear I89 being riveted to gether by shoulder rivets I93, I93passing through suitable holes provided in the parts.

Referring to Fig. 13, running on the outer surface of the interclutchmember I92 is the film feed clutch gear E55 previously referred to, andthat meshes with the previously described film feed drive gear I43. Alsofitted to the hub I93 is a ratchet plate I95 provided with studs I95,I95, passing through the ratchet plate I84 and engaging clutch rollers,one of which is shown at IE5 in Fig. 13, the said ratchet plate Ifitbeing provided with clearance holes Ifita to allow free movement of theshoulder rivets I93, I93. This entire assembly is held to the stud 85 bya retaining plate I91 and a lock screw I98.

The interclutch member I92 is provided with usual notches I953, shown indotted lines in Figs. and 11. The rollers le s are fitted in the saidnotches use. Connecting the shoulder rivets I93, E95 are springs 28%.Inasmuch as the shoulder rivet IE3 is permanently attached to theinterclutch member IQ? and the shoulder rivet I95 is securely attachedto the ratchet plate Ie l, the said springs 2% will cause the saidratchet plate i to be turned in a clockwise direction, thereby causingthe rollers E55 to engage the bore of the film feed clutch gear ltii. Ifsuch latter gear Kit is caused to be turned in a clockwise direction,the rollers I96 will be caused to move in a clockwise direction, thuswedging between the interclutch member E52 and the bore of the film feedclutch gear E59, thereby causing the said interclutch member I92 to bealso driven in a clockwise direction. however, the teeth of the ratchetgear or plate its are engaged and prevented from moving, the rollersi953 will be prevented from moving in a clockwise direction, thusreleasing them from engagement with the bore of the said film feedclutch gear When the said ratchet wheel or plate I94 released, thesprings 22%] will again cause the rollers I95 to be moved in a clockwisedirection, and the intercluteh member I92 will be driven by the saidrollers H35 and the film feed clutch gear I542.

The full purpose of the structure just described in detail will be fullyset forth in connection with the explanation of the complete operationof the camera.

The film feed mechanism-J will next describe the film feed mechanism,not herein claimed, following which I will set forth in detail theelectrical mechanism 3y means of which the film is fed for thesuccessive exposures and by which the shutter is operated, and the meansby which the automatic cycling is controlled by the operation of theshutter itself. I will first refer to Figs. 4, 1%) and ll.

On the mechanism plate 2E is mounted a stud 29! to which is attached abushing 292 having riveted thereto a film feed clutch bell crank 2E3held to the stud 2th by shoulder screw EM and provided with a cam-shapedformation 205 for engaging the pin Hi8 previously referred to asprovided on the crank member I41. The purpose of the pin its will bemore fully set forth subsequently. The upper arm of the bell crank 253is provided with a dog 2% to engage the teeth of the ratchet wheel its,and on the extreme upper end of the bell crank 263 is a'flnger-likeextension for engaging a notch 208 of the film measuring cam 5i,previously referred to, such notch being best shown in Fig. 11. Aboutthe stud 2llI of the hub or bushin 292 is a spring 2119, one end whereofis hooked around one of the motor screws are and the opposite endwhereof is hooked to the bell crank 383, causing the latter to be turnedin a clockwise direction.

When the finger 20-! of the bell crank 293 is held out of the notch 268of the said film measuring cam 5'I the ratchet plate l94 will be allowedto rotate, thus causing the film clutch drive gear rat to be driventhrough the clutch members previously referred to.

Since the said clutch drive gear IE9 is in mesh with the film feed gear6'5, as shown in Fig. 10, the

spool will be caused to rotate in a contraclcckwise direction, windingthe film until the clutch drive gear I69 is again stopped.

As the film moves over the measuring roll 41,

' the said measuring roll will make one revolution,

as will also the film measuring cam 51, and the notch 2E8 will beengaged by the finger 261, thus permitting the bell crank 233 to rotatein a clockwise direction under the influence of the spring 269, and thedog 285 will engage the teethof the ratchet wheel I54, disengaging theclutch and the clutch drive gear I89, and the gear 6'! will be stoppedfrom furthe rotation. The measuring roll 4'! and its rubber sleeve 52are of such diameter as to cause just sufiicient film to be fed whenmaking one revolution to provide a new area of sensitized material forthe next exposure.

The electric switches.1 will now particularly refer to the electricalswitches and cooperating parts, by which not only the feed of the filmis controlled, but also the operation of the shutter, and will firstrefer particularly to Figs. 10 and 11.

To the mechan sm plate 20 is attached a switch support plate 2H] bymeans of rivets 2H, 2H and to said switch support plate 2 I 0 isattached a switch 2I2, being a standard switch of any one of severaldifierent acceptable types. Herein for the purpose I have illustrated aswitch known in the trade as the Acro switch, which is attached to thesaid switch support plate by screws 2I3, 213. The said switch H2 isprovided with contacts 2I4, 2I5 and 2H3. The contact 2I6 is carried on aspring 2IT actuated by a semicircular spring 2? through a short fiatspring 2I9 and a pin 229. When said pin 225] is moved in an upwarddirection viewing Figs. 10 and 11, the position of the semicircularspring 2IB is changed, thus altering the center of effort, causing thespring 2H to be moved downward, thus closing contacts Zlfi and M5. Whenthe pin 223 is released, it will be moved in a downward direction by thespring 2 I 9, thus again changing the center of effort of spring ZIS andcausing the spring 2 If to be moved in an upward direction, thus causingthe meeting of contacts 2N5 and 2H.

The said switch 2I2 is actuated by the bell crank 82, previouslydescribed and shown most clearly in Fig. 10. The said bell crank I32 isprovided for the purpose with an arm 221 having a turned-over end 222for co -acting with the pin 22.8. The said bell crank 82 is acted uponby the cam plate I45, previously described, through the finger stat ofthe bell crank 82 when the film feed drive gear M3 is rotated, as willbe subsequently more fully described.

Still referring to Figs. 10 and 11, attached to the said mechanism plateEd is a second switch support plate 223 by means of rivets 224 andattached to the said support plate is a switch 225 of structurepreferably similar to the switch 2l2 excepting that it is provided withcontacts 226 and 221 only. The said switch 225 is also provided with asimilar semicircular spring 223, a contact spring 229, a short actuatingspring 23c and an operating pin 23!. The said switch 225 is attached tothe switch support plate 223 by screws 232, 232.

Switch operating mechanism.--I will next describe the switch operatingmechanism for the electrical circuit controlling the shutter and filmfeeding means, and for that purpose I will refer to Figs. and 11 andalso to Fig. 5.

Mounted upon the said mechanism plate is a switch operating lever 233pivoted to a stud 234 on said plate, said operating lever being securelyheld upon the stud 234, so as freely to rotate thereon, by means of alarge head screw 234a, and said operating lever is provided with a notch235 to limit its motion, said notch co-acting with a pin 236 on themechanism plate 20. switch operating lever is moved in a clockwisedirection by a spring 231 fitted over a stud 238 attached to the saidoperating lever and pressing against the switch housing of the switch225.

The said switch operating lever 233 serves both as a switch operatinglever and also as a shutter run-down stop lever, it being engaged by thepin or stud H6 on the second curtain rewind gear 98 when the shutter isreleased and runs all the way down, thus limiting the motion of the saidsecond curtain rewind gear 98. At the same time it causes the contacts226 and 22'! to be closed, thus completing the circuit to the motor in amanner herein subsequently described.

Referring particularly to Fig. 11, there is attached to the lower end ofthe bell crank 82 a short L-shaped arm 239 by means of a shoulder rivet249, the said L-shaped arm being caused to be rotated in acontraclockwise direction under the influence of a spring 24| fittedaround said shoulder rivet 240, one end of said spring being connectedto the bell crank 82 and the opposite end to said L-shaped arm 239. Whenthe bell crank 82 is caused to be moved to the right or contraclockwiseviewing Fig. 11 by the cam I46, the teeth of ratchet wheel I19 will beengaged, thus causing the exposure counter-dial IE9 to be rotated in acontraclockwise direction, said dial being prevented from turningclockwise by the clutch spring I12.

Still referring to Figs. 5, 10 and 11, there is attached to themechanism plate 2:! a bushing 243 through which passes a shaft 244having a reduced diameter indicated in dotted lines at 245, and to whichis there fitted a hub 246 having an attached crank arm 24'! securelyattached to hub 246 by shoulder screw 248 which serves to attach bothparts to the shaft 244. The opposite end of the shaft 244 is providedwith an enlarged diameter 249 to which is securely attached a shutterrelease lever 250 which is provided to engage the pin or stud H6 whenthe shutter is fully wound.

Still referring to Figs. 10 and 11, attached to the mechanism plate 20is a magnetic solenoid 25| (indicated also in the diagram Fig. 3) bymeans of a strap 252, bolts 253 and nuts 254, said solenoid having theusual plunger or armature shown in dotted lines in said figures andindicated at 255, and which is provided with an enlarged collar 256between which and the solenoid housing is a spring 25'! causing thearmature to move to the right viewing Figs. 10 and 11, the right-handThe said end of said armature being provided with a hook member 258having a slot 259. Securely attached to the said crank arm 24! is a pin253 which is acted upon by the hook member 258 when the solenoid 25! isenergized. When the circuit is broken, the spring 251 causes thesolenoid plunger or armature to be moved a sufiicient distance to theright, viewing Figs. 10 and 11 co-acting with the collar 256 to thatend. A stop pin 26] is provided on the mechanism plate 20 and there isalso provided a cooperating protruding lip 262 on the said crank arm241.

The shutter curtain roZlers.I have previously described the structure ofthe two-curtain shutter excepting as to certain details of the tensionrollers and take-up rollers thereof, which I will now set forth.

Inasmuch as the spring take-up roller 93 for the first curtain and thespring take-up roller 94 for the second curtain are of identicalconstruction, I will for brevity here describe or refer only to tensionroller 94, and will refer particularly to Fig. 16, but it is to beunderstood that both said rollers have the same structure.

Fitted into a hole provided therefor in the mechanism plate 20 is ashaft 563 extending through said tension roller 94 and through the outerplate 2i, and securely locked thereto by means of a washer 254 and a nut255, as shown in Fig. 4. Said tension rollers 93 and 94 are providedwith bushings 266 on either end. Each such bushing on the right-handend, viewing Fig. 16, is provided with a hole through which passes theend 261 of the tension spring its, thus locking one end of said springto the proper tension roller. The opposite end of said tension spring268 is anchored to the shaft 2'53, but is not herein shown. Between eachbushing 263 and the mechanism plate 20 is a thrust washer 239, andbetween such bushing 2:36 on the opposite end of said curtain tensionroller and the outer plate 2! is a second thrust washer 21a, shown inFig. 4.

The two-curtain shutter movemcnts.-I will now describe the shutter, andfor that purpose I will refer mainly to the vertical sectional View(Fig. 5), to the sectional views (Figs. 17, 18 and 19) showing theshutter rewinding mechanism, to Figs. 20 to 24 showing differentpositions of such rewinding mechanism, and to Figs. 25 to 31 showing thetwo curtains in longitudinal section and in plan.

Attached to the first curtain tension roller 93 and partly wound thereonand attached also to the first curtain take-up roller 9!, is the firstcurtain 2H provided with an exposure slot or opening 212 and having theusual curtain struts 213, 213. Attached to the second curtain tensionroller 94 and partly wound thereon is the second curtain 214 which atits opposite end is attached to the second curtain take-up roller 92.The said second curtain 214 is provided with an exposure slot or opening275 having the usual struts 216, 216. The first curtain take-up roller9| is connected as shown in Figs. 8 and 9 to the first curtain rewindgear I02 by means of pinion NH and shaft [00. The second curtain take-uproller 92 is, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, connected to the second curtainrewind gear 98 by means of the pinion 3! on the shaft 93. When saidsecond and first curtain rewind gears 93 and I92 are caused to be turnedin a contraclockwise direction, the said take-up curtain rollers 9i and92 will be caused to turn in a clockwise direction, thus winding saidfirst and second curtain 2'1], 224 upon their respective take-uprollers.

The main shutter rewind gear I I1 (Figs. 17, 18 and 19) is caused to beturned in a contraclockwise direction by means to be subsequently morefully referred to, carrying with it the driving plate H8 and the shutterrewind clutch member H9. The end of the shutter rewind clutch Ilsa, Fig.18, will engage the stud ill of the first curtain rewind gear 592,causing it to bejturned in a contraclockwise direction, causing pinionIBI to be turned in a clockwise direction, and causing the first curtaintake-up roller 9| also to be turned in a clockwise direction, thuswinding said first curtain 2H on its take-up roller M. The secondcurtain rewind gear 98 will also be driven in a contraclockwisedirection by reason of the collar H3 engaging the stud IE5 of the secondcurtain rewind gear 98 after said first curtain has traveled a distancesufificient to cap the second curtain 2'54, as shown in Fig. 25. Thepinion 9'! will now be turned in a clockwise direction, thus windingsaid second curtain 2N; on its take-up roller 92, and. when said secondcurtain reaches the position shown in Fig. 26, the first curtain rewindgear 102 is caused to be isengaged from the stud III by reason of thecam plate 21'! attached to the mechanism plate Ed by rivets 218, 218, asshown in Fig. 17.

As the main shutter rewind gear Ii! continues to turn in a clockwisedirection, the curved end Hill) of the shutter rewind. clutch member H9will ride along the under face of the cam 211', thus disengaging the endi I to of the said clutch member i I9 from the stud I I I, as shown inFig. 19, but just previous to such disengagement the stud or pin IIG hasmoved past the end of the shutter release lever 250 (best shown in Figs,10 and 11), thus preventing the second curtain rewind gear 88 fromturning in a clockwise direction when the stud. I I i becomes disengagedfrom the shutter rewind clutch member I It, as previously described, sothat the first curtain rewind gear H12 will be permitted to turn in aclockwise direction until the stud H8 engages the stud II5 of the secondcurtain rewind gear 98, thus preventing further movement of said firstcurtain rewind gear I82 in a clockwise direction, as indicated in Fig,19. The two curtains will now be in the position shown in Fig. 27 withthe exposure slot or opening A formed between said two curtains.

It will be evident from the drawings and from the foregoing descriptionthat the curtain aperture is determined through the manipulation. of thesecond curtain. The curtain slot is established, as shown in Fig. 27, atthe completion of the rewinding of the shutter, and the position of thestruts 213, 2'55 under control; that is, their rate of movement is incontrol with respect to each other throughout the exposure regardless ofthe initial separation of struts 273, 215. Both curtains continue totravel across the exposure opening of the camera and are stoppedtogether after they have made a complete exposure and are not cappeduntil the commencement of the rewinding cycle. This is because thesecond curtain is caused to move first, and then the first curtain ispicked up. After the apertures have been capped, the curtains travelacross the exposure opening in the capped condition, and when theshutter reaches a point just before being fully rewound, the firstcurtain is released and allowed to run in a direction toward an exposureopening, and thereby establishes the curtain aperture. Both curtainsalways travel exactly the same distance in each half cycle; that is,both curtains travel together when released 14 for making an exposure,throughout that exposure, and are stopped together.

The two-curtain shutter herein disclosed is made up of two curtains,each having an aperture that together form an exposure aperture when theshutter curtains are traveling in one direction, and said apertures areso spaced when the curtain is rewound as to constitute self-cappingmeans. At the completion of the rewinding cycle of the shutter, both.curtains are wound up together in a light-tight condition until both thecurtain apertures have traveled past the exposure opening of the camerain rewinding and then, as stated, just before the rewinding iscompleted, the first curtain is released and allowed to run back a veryshort predetermined distance. thus forming the exposure aperture byhaving the two curtain apertures in alignment.

This has never been accomplished in the prior art, which at the mostdiscloses a two curtain shutter wherein, when making an exposure, thecurtain aperture is established when rewinding the curtain by causingthe second curtain to stop and allowing the first curtain to continuewinding until a slot is establishedand it is held in that position untilboth curtains are released, whereupon they start to travel across theexposure opening, and when the second curtain strut has passed thecamera exposur opening, that curtain is stopped but the first curtaincontinues to travel past the exposure opening of the camera and past thestrut of the second curtain, thus capping the shutter. Such aconstruction provides no control of the curtain aperture except for avery narrow slot, and such construction would be ineffective for widerslots or for a full aperture slot such as used for slow exposures.

The shutter disclosed herein is capable of operating at very highspeeds, particularly because when the shutter runs down, nothing rotatesexcept the pinions 9i and Mi and their drive gears 98 and I02, as suchgears are wholly disconnected irom the rewind gear ii? when making anexposure.

A rsum of th two-curtain shutter movements is as follows, referencebeing made to Figs. 5, 10, 11 and 1'7 to 22. The first curtain 2?! hasan aperture 2Y2, a rewinding roller shaft IQEI having a pinion Iii!meshing with rewinding gear 52, The second curtain 22 3 has an aperture2'i5, a rewind shaft 96 carrying a second curtain rewind roller 92 andhas a pinion 9'? meshing with the second curtain rewind gear 98. In Fig.5 the shutter is in a fully rewound condition. The gear 98 is preventedfrom turning in a clockwise direction by shutter release lever 256i andpin I it, and rewind gear 32 is prevented from turning in a clockwisedirection because of pin N5 of gear 98 engaging pin iii? of gear Hi2.Since the curtain rollers are driven by the gears just recited, they toowill be held from turning. To make an exposure, shutter release lever isdisengage. from pin N2 of second curtain rewind gear 93, allowing it toturn. This will also allow first curtain rewind gear iii? to turn, bothgears turning in a clockwise direction. First curtain sear Hi2 cannotturn faster than second curtain gear Q8 because pin Ilii of gear i632cannot pass pin iii? of gear $18, and since first curtain 2' is providedwith a s ightly higher spring tension than second curtain 2T4, pin Hewill be held in contact with pin M5 throughout the exposure travel. Whenthe curtain is fully run down, second curtain gear 98 will be stoppedthrough pin H6 engaging switch lever 233 (see Fig. 11)

and, of course, first curtain will also be stopped because of pins H0,H5. In rewinding, main rewind gear HT is caused to be rotated acontraclockwise direction. First curtain rewind gear I02 will be causedto be rotated in a contraclockwise direction through clutch member H9engaging pin III of gear I02. Gear I02 will continue to rotate carryingwith it pin H3 and, when pin H3 engages pin H5 of the second curtainrewind gear 98, it too will be caused to turn, but while gear I02 wasturning through that part of a revolution represented by the spacing ofpins HE! and H3, the first curtain will have been moved sufficiently farto cap the exposure opening. Both gears I532 and 98 will continue torotate until pin H6 ha been engaged by shutter release lever 25!) and atsubstantially the same time clutch member H9 will be disengaged from pinIII of gear I02, thus preventing an forward movement of gear Hi2 andgear 98 in a contraclockwise direction. Gear I02 will now be caused toturn in a clockwise direction under the infill-- ence of the firstcurtain tension roller and will continue to rotate in a clockwisedirection until stopped by pin H of gear I92 engaging pin H of gear 98.This movement is sufficient to allow the first curtain aperture totravel far enough over the second curtain aperture to establish theexposure aperture in the pair of curtains. The shutter is now ready fora second exposure. Both curtain rewind gears 98 and I62 and both curtainrewind rollers 9| and 92 always turn the same amount when the shutter isrewound, but the first curtain rewind roller is allowed to make aninitial rotation in a curtain-run-down direction just after it has beenfully rewound.

In Fig. is shown the position of the several parts just prior to the actof releasing the first curtain rewind gear I02 from the shutter rewindclutch member H9, and it will be noted that the stud or pin H6 hastraveled some little distance beyond the shutter release lever Thedriving stud III has not at this time been released, but said stud IIIis at the point when any further movement in a ccntraclockwise directionof the main shutter rewind gear I I"! will cause said stud H I to bereleased, thereby allowing both curtain rewind gears 98 and N32 to turnin a clockwise direction. However, as soon as the stud or pin H6 of thesecond curtain rewind gear 38 reaches the shutter release lever 25?],said second curtain rewind gear 98 will be held from further movement,but the first curtain rcwind gear I82 will be allowed to turn in aclockwise direction until the stud I It) of the first curtain rewindgear I02 is stopped by the stud I I5 of the second curtain rewind gear98. The mechanism will now be in the position shown in Fig. 21, and thecurtain exposure slot or opening A will be established as shown in Fig.27.

When the shutter release lever 255i is operated by the solenoid magnet2?, previously referred to, the pin or stud H8 will be disengaged by theshutter release lever 250, allowing both said curtain rewind gears .38and I02 to turn in a c1ockwise direction. The stud l will remain incontact with the stud I I5 until the stud or pin I I6 is stopped fromfurther movement by the switch operating lever 233, shown in Fig. 22 andelsewhere.

Then the main shutter rewind gear H1 is again caused to be turned in acontraclockwise direction, carrying with it the driving plate 58 of suchshutter rewind member H9, the latter will engage the stud III in themanner pre- Fill viously described, thus winding the first curtain 2Hinto the position shown in Fig. 25, in which position said first curtaincaps the exposure slot or aperture 215 of the second curtain 214, whichreciprocally caps the exposure slot or aperture 212 of the first curtain21!. The collar H3 will then engage the stud H5, causing the secondcurtain 2M to be driven until the main shutter rewind gear III makes acomplete revolution, and before the end of such complete revolution theshutter rewind member I 59 will be disengaged from the stud I I Ithrough the action of the cam plate 21'? engaging said shutter rewindmember In Fig. 23 is shown the relation of the said shutter rewindmember H9 just before its action upon the cam plate fill, and in Fig. 24the shutter rewind member H9 is shown as having been acted upon by thecam plate 2'i'I, so that the stud III has been disengaged and the firstcurtain rewind gear m2 has turned in a clockwise direction a distancesufficient to establish the curtain exposure slot or opening.

It will be noted that the first curtain take-up roller 9I is or asomewhat larger diameter than the second curtain take-up roller 92. Thisis for the purpose of allowing the first curtain 21! to move at aslightly greater rate than the second curtain 27 5, so as to allow theaperture A, as indicated at Fig. 30, to increase as the two curtainstravel across the exposure opening 221) of the camera.

In Fig, 30, the exposure slot or aperture formed at A at the start ofthe curtain travel is of less dimension in its direction of travel thanthe exposure slot or aperture formed at B (Fig. 31) when the two shuttercurtains approach the end of their travel across the said exposureopening 221) of the camera. This is to compensate for curtainacceleration. In other words, exposure time is dependent upon the widthof the exposure slot or aperture and curtain speed, and since allshutter curtains accelerate in their travel from the curtain take-uproller to the curtain tension roller, it is necessary to provide meansfor compensating for this decreasing exposure speed. In the presentinvention I accomplish this by slightly increasing the width of theexposure slot or aperture A to the width indicated at B. I may, however,provide any compensation desired, as by adjusting or varying thediameter of the curtain take-up rollers 9|,

The camera cycle.--I will now refer to Fig. 3 and Figs. 10 to 16, andwill describe a cycle of the camera when using the curtain shutter mechanism and the control therefor just described. Preliminarily, I statethat thus far I have referred to a shutter mechanism having provisionfor one width only of the exposur slot or aperture. This is entirelysatisfactory for a great number of uses of the camera herein disclosed,but for other uses of the camera it is necessary to be able to changethe shutter exposure aperture width so as to provide a greater range ofshutter speeds.

The electrical circuit wining.--In Fig. 3, I have shown a diagram of theelectrical circuit of the camera, and in Fig. 10 I show the cameramechanism in condition for making an exposure under the control of suchcircuit, Fig. 11 ShOWiIlg the condition of the mechanism when theshutter curtains have run all the way down.

The two-curtain shutter in the position of parts shown in Fig. 10 hasbeen fully rewound and is held in position for making an exposure bymeans of the shutter release lever 250 and the stud or pin 116. Theswitch 225 is in open condition because the switch operating lever 233has been moved to the right, viewin Fig. 10, by the spring 231, and theswitch 212 is in condition to complete a circuit from the receptacle 219that, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 11, is attached to the mechanism plate20 by means of screws 280, 280, inasmuch as the arm 221 of the bellcrank 82 has been moved away from the switch pin 220, thus allowing thecontacts 214 and 216 to be closed. The shutter will now be caused tooperate if the external switch 281 is closed, which switch can belocated anywhere convenient for the operator, and if desired within orupon the camera itself. It is shown merely diagrammatically in Fig. 3. Acomplete description of the wiring diagram shown in Fig. 3 is asfollows:

One wire 202 from the switch 281 is connected to the terminal 283 of thereceptacle 219 and a second wire 284 is connected to that terminal andextends to the contact 214 of the switch 212. Connecting contact 216 isa wire 285 that connects to a terminal 286 of a receptacle 281 (shown inFigs, 1, 10 and 11) which is held to mechanism plate 20 by means ofscrews 288. A lead wire 290 is connected to the terminal 286 of thereceptacle 281 that leads to contact 221 of the switch 225 and connectedto wire 290 is a short lead 291 that connects to the battery 292. Theother side of the battery 292 is connected by wire 293 to the termina1294 of said receptacle 281 and connected to the terminal 294 by a shortwire 295 is a fuse 296. Also connected to said fuse 296 is a short wirethat connects with one end of the resistor 291 and to one side of theswitch 298. A wire 299 leads from said switch 298 and is connected tothe other terminal of said resistor 291 and connects to a motor brakesolenoid 300. Also connected to the wire 299 is one motor brush 301 andone side of the solenoid 251. The other side of said solenoid 251 isconnected to the terminal 302 of said receptacle 219 by a Wire 303,Connecting the contact 215 of said switch 212 is a wire 304 thatconnects to the motor brush 305 and to said motor brake solenoid 300.Also connected with the contact 215 of said switch 212 is a, wire 306that connects with the contact 228 of said switch 225, and connectedwith the contact 221 of the switch 225 is a wire 301 that connects toone side of the battery 292, and to said lead wire 290 that is connectedwith the terminal 286 of said receptacle 281.

When the mechanism is in the position of parts I shown in Fig. 10,switch contacts 226, and'221 of switch 225 will be in open condition,and the contacts 214 and 216 will be in closed condition. Therefore, nocurrent will flow to the motor 123 and no current will be flowingthrough the brake solenoid 300, but when the switch 281 is closed,current will flow from the battery 292 through wire 290, through wire285, contacts 216 and 214, through wire 284, terminal 293, wire 282,switch 28!, wire 308, terminal 302, solenoid 251, wire 299 and eitherthrough the resistor 291 or through switch 298 through fuse 296, throughwire 295, terminal"294, wire 293 and back to the battery 292. Thesolenoid will now cause the shutter release lever 250 to be moved to theright, viewing Fig. 10, as previously described, releasing thetwocurtain shutter which will be allowed to run down, as shown in Fig.11. :As the said shutter runs down, the pin 116 contacts with the lowerend of the switch operating lever 233 causing the switch 225 to beoperated, thereby closing contacts 226, and 221. Current will now fiowfrom the battery 292 through wire 291, wire 301, contacts 226 and 221,wire 306 and 304, motor brush 305, through the motor to brush 301through either the resistor 291 or the switch 298, through fuse 296,wire 295, terminal 294, and wire 293 to the battery 292. Since the brakesolenoid 300 is in parallel with the brushes 301 and 305, current willflow through the solenoid 300, thus causing the motor brake to berelieved.

The cycle of operation of the mechanism controlling the shutter rewindand the fiZm.The electric motor 123 will now start to operate andthrough its speed reducing mechanism previously referred to, it willdrive the interrupted gear 144 (Fig. 14) in a contraclockwise directionuntil the teeth thereof engage the teeth of the second interrupted gear151, at which time the drive gear 151 will be turned in a clockwisedirection and the idler gear 161 will be turned in a contraclockwisedirection. The intermediate gear 184 will be turned in a clockwisedirection and the main shutter rewind gear 111 in a contraclockwisedirection, thereby rewinding the two-curtain shutter in the mannerpreviously described. Soon after the said interrupted toothed gear 144starts to rotate, the nose 82a of the bell crank 82 will be acted uponby the cam 146, causing the said bell crank 82 to be moved to the right,viewing Fig. 11, which movement in a contraclockwise direction causesswitch operating pin 220 of the switch 212 to be operated, therebyopening the contacts 214 and 216 and breaking the circuit to the shutterrelease solenoid 251 and closing the contacts 215 and 216, which areshunted around the contacts 226, and 221 of the switch 225. Thiscontinues the circuit to the motor after the second curtain rewind gear99 starts to rotate in a contraclockwise direction, thus carrying withit the stud or pin 1 16 from contact with the switch operating lever233. The switch contacts 226 and 221 will then be caused to open by thespring 231 and the electric motor 123 will continue to operate until theinterrupted toothed gear 144 has made a complete revolution, at whichtime the nose 82a of the bell crank lever 82 will drop off the cam 146,thus allowing the bell crank lever 82 to move to the left (that is, in aclockwise direction, viewing Figs. 10 and 11), thus allowing the switchoperating pin 220 to move in a downward direction, causing the contacts215 and 216 to be opened, thus stopping the motor. This completes theshutter rewind cycle.

At the commencement of the said cycle, the pin M8 carried on the crankmember 141 is caused to turn in a contraclockwise direction, thus actingupon the cam-shaped formation 205 of the bell crank 203, causing thelatter to be turned in a contraclockwise direction and at the same timewithdrawing the pawl 206 from the teeth of ratchet wheel 194. The filmfeed clutch gear will now be caused to be driven clockwise through thefilm feed clutch means, turning said film feed gear 61 oontraclockwise,thus winding the film on the film take-up spool positioned on shaft 65provided in the stud 60. Film will be drawn off the spool that is placedupon the studs 51 and 58 and will be fed around the idler roll 43, underthe pressure pad or plate 56, around the measuring roll 41 and onto thetake-up spool just referred to.

When suflicient film has passed over the surface of the measuring roll41, the notch 208 of the measuring cam 51 will reach the position shownin Fig. 10, wherein the L-shaped fingerlike member Ezfi'i of the bellcrank 2% will drop into notch thus allowing the bell crank 2&3 to berotated in a clockwise direction. The pawl 206 will engage the teeth ofthe ratchet gear or plate I94, thus disengaging the film feed clutchgear I50 (Fig. and no further film will be wound on the film take-upspool.

A complete cycle of operation has now taken place in the course of whichthe shutter has been released and has run down, the motor has beenenergized, the shutter has been completely rewound, and a new area offilm has been fed into place. As the bell crank 82 was first moved tothe right and then to the left viewing Figs. 10 and 11, the ratchetwheel I19 will have been caused to move a distance equal to one tooth ofsaid ratchet wheel, thus advancing the film counter-dial one numeral,the film counter-dial previously having been set to the letter S when anew supply of film was placed in the camera. This can be readily done byrotating the knob I68 in a contraclockwise direction until the letter Sappears in the window shown in dotted lines as provided in the coverplate 3'! and indicated at 3m in Fig. l. The letter S is used upon thecamera in place of zero to signal the start of the first exposure.

The operation of the shutter and cooperating parts as thus set forth istherefore very clearly distinguished from the electrical control forfunctioning parts of an aerial camera set forth in a co-pendingapplication filed in the names of Louis D. Nadel, Archie I-I. Gorey,Reynold J. Nitsoh and Oscar Steiner, now Patent No. 2,371,592, datedMarch 13, 1945, wherein the shutter is operated mechanically for themaking of a picture through cycling mechanism. Therefore, there is nodelay in the shutter operation as the motor does not start to operateuntil the shutter has been operated and is entirely across the exposureaperture of the camera. Hence, it is impossible to have the cycle takeplace or even to begin before the shutter has traveled com-- pletelyacross the exposure opening of the camera. Therefore, no matter to howfast a speed the camera cycle is adjusted, it cannot in the presentdisclosure operate so fast that the shut ter does not have time totravel all the way across the exposure opening of the camera, becausethe cycle cannot commence until the shutter has traveled all the wayacross the expo-sure opening, the rewind cycle being controlled from theshutter through the operating lever 233, coacting with the pin H5 andthe switch 225.

In the present disclosure there is provided a true self-capping variableaperture shutter. The shutter is always rewound in a capped conditionand the exposure slot or aperture is established just as the shutter iscompletely rewound and before releasing it for an exposure. Suchconstruction is therefore clearly distinguished from that shown in thepatent to Petit and Hineline 1,980,546, dated November 13, 1934, whereinthe exposure slot or aperture is adjusted by the operator prior tomaking an exposure and that exposure slot or aperture travels across theexposure opening both when making an exposure and when rewinding theshutter.

So far as I am aware, I believe that I am the first to provide any meansto cause positively an increase in the size of the curtain exposure slotor aperture as the curtain travels across the exposure opening, thuscompensating for th inevitable acceleration in the speed of the shuttercurtain in its travel. As herein disclosed, I ac"- complish this resultby providing curtain rewind rollers of contrasting diameter. I thuscause th exposure slot or aperture to enlarge as said exposure slot oraperture travels across th exposure opening of the camera at acontrolled rate of speed, the means for accomplishing this being thedifference in size of the two-curtain rewind rollers. If one of saidrollers is larger than the other, the former will feed off more curtainsubstance than th other, and if the larger roller pertains to theleading curtain, this will cause the exposure slot or apertur to enlargein size. If, however, the larger rewind roller pertains to the second orfollowing curtain, this will cause the exposure slot or aperture tobecome smaller during curtain travel. While this feature of compensatingfor the inevitable acceleration in the speed of the shutter curtainintimately co-acts with the disclosed means for adjusting the size ofthe shutter exposure aperture prior to the release of the shutter, suchmatter is not so claimed herein but is so claimed in my divisionalapplication Ser. No. 597,864.

Having thus described one illustrative embodiment of the invention, itis to be understood that although specific terms are employed, they areused in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes oflimitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the followingclaims.

I claim:

1. Motor-driven, self-capping, focal, two-curtain-shutter winding andreleasing mechanism for a photographic camera including, in combination:two, closely parallel, cooperating curtains each having an aperturewhich together in the running-down movement of the shutter constitutethe exposure aperture of the two-curtain self-capping shutter; tensionrollers and take-up rollers arranged in respective pairs, supportingeach of said curtains; a first curtain re-wind gear in meshing relationwith the first curtain take-up roller; a second curtain rewind gear inmeshing relation with the second curtain take-up roller; said rewindgears being mounted in parallel proximity to and co-axial with eachother; one of said rewind gears having first and second curtain drivestuds laterally projecting therefrom and the other rewind gear having aco-acting, laterally projecting stud; one of said rewind gears having ashutter release stud laterall projecting therefrom; a movable shutterrelease member engageable by said shutter. release stud in the rotativemovement of the rewind gear bearing such stud and mounted laterallyadjacent a face of such rewind. gear; a main shutter rewind gear indriving relation with one of said rewind gears and co-axially mountedwith respect to both of said rewind gears; an electric motor carried bythe camera structure and in driving relation with said main shutterrewind gear; an electric circuit carried by said camera for actuatingsaid electric motor and including a switch controlling said electricmotor; a movable switch operating member laterally adjacent a face ofthe rewind gear carrying the shutter release stud and mounted inposition to be engaged and operated by said shutter release stud, whenat substantially the end of the running-down movement of the shutter andthe accompanying rotative movemerit of th said stud-carrying rewindgears, the said shutter release stud comes into operating relation tosaid movable switch operating member, thereby starting said electricmotor; the said driv and co-acting studs upon the said rewind

